Jean Léon Gérôme - Phryne vor den Richtern - 1861

 

Phryne, a courtesan from Thespiai, is said to have served as a model for the Greek sculptor Praxiteles for his Aphrodite of Knidos. Gérôme's painting depicts her during a trial before the Areopagus, where she was accused of blasphemy for comparing her beauty to that of the goddess Aphrodite. To prove her innocence, her defender Hypereides revealed her flawless body, thus securing her acquittal – an exemplar for the triumph of sight over words. Gérôme presents us with the moment of this revelation and the immediate reactions that follow: the judges' excited voyeurism as well as Phryne's 'revealing concealment', as she modestly hides her face while simultaneously exposing her body to their gaze. The bright, Ingres-like smoothness of the flesh enhances the erotic effect of the painting, which caused a sensation at the Salon of 1861. Critics accused Gérôme not only of pornography but also of updating and trivializing the ancient subject matter.

Phryne, a renowned Greek hetaira (courtesan) from Thespiae, lived a fascinating life during the 4th century BC. Despite her humble origins, she rose to become one of the most celebrated and wealthiest women of her time. Renowned for her extraordinary beauty, she was often compared to the goddess Aphrodite.   

Her connection to art and sculpture is legendary. She is believed to have served as the model for two of the greatest artists of Classical Greece:   

• Praxiteles: Phryne is often associated with Praxiteles' iconic sculpture, "Aphrodite of Knidos," which is considered the first life-size, nude female statue in Greek art.   
• Apelles: She also modeled for the renowned painter Apelles, who captured her likeness in several works.  

Phryne's influence extended beyond her beauty. She was known for her intelligence, wit, and generosity. One famous story tells of her offer to rebuild the walls of Thebes after their destruction by Alexander the Great, with the inscription, "Destroyed by Alexander, restored by Phryne the courtesan." This act of philanthropy showcased her wealth and her desire to leave a lasting legacy.   

Her life was not without controversy. She faced accusations of impiety for comparing herself to a goddess. However, during her trial before the Areopagus, her defender, the renowned orator Hypereides, strategically revealed her naked body to the judges. This dramatic gesture, highlighting her flawless beauty, swayed the jury and secured her acquittal.   

Phryne's story continues to captivate audiences today. Her image, often depicted in art and literature, serves as a symbol of beauty, power, and the enduring allure of the human form.

Source: Hamburger Kunsthalle